BLUE RAY VS HD-DVD-A NEW GENERATION FORMAT WAR

CD and DVD as data storage and delivery media, lasted successfully for decades and seems to be alive and kicking .As we speak, a new format war has begun. This time over the future of in-home media. On one side is HD-DVD, a format created by Toshiba and NEC; on the other side is Blu-Ray, created by Sony, Matsushita, and Philips. In a few years, blue laser drives will take over the role of DVD drives. The problem is that there are two competing technologies that will use blue lasers: HD-DVD and Blu-ray. Only one technology will eventually become dominant in the data storage market

What are HD DVD and Blu-Ray Disc?

Today's DVDs can hold 4.7GB of information, but many want a higher-capacity successor to accommodate the larger data demands of high-quality video. HD DVD and Blu-ray both use blue lasers to read and write data. this is because blue has a shorter wavelength than the red used in DVD and CD lasers, information can be packed more densely on a disc and a single disc can hold more.

The potential capacity of Blu-Ray discs cannot be expressed in words. A single-layer disc can hold between 23 and 27 gigabytes of data, enough for four hours of high-definition video; a dual-layer disc can hold between 46 and 54GB, easily enough for eight full hours of high-definition programming. Furthermore, since the layers on a Blu-Ray disc are so thin, there is potential for multi-layer discs with up to eight layers holding upwards of 200GB.

HD-DVD discs, promise a single-layer capacity of 15 gigabytes, or over three times that of single-layer DVDs. This means that discs can have information more tightly packed on the disc, enabling far greater storage capacity on the same size disc. Dual-layer discs are capable of holding 30GB, and Toshiba has announced a prototype three-layer disc with a capacity of 45GB. These discs are capable of holding between two and five hours of high-definition video with audio track.

COMPARISON BETWEEN HD-DVD AND BLU-RAY DISC:

The picture quality on both versions is 100% identical. They're using the same compression codec. Probably the exact same files on both discs.

The sound is better on the HD-DVD. It comes with Dolby TruHD sound, which is completely uncompressed audio. The Blu-Ray version has standard Dolby Digital sound.Also, the HD-DVD (And most WB HD-DVD's these days) comes with the regular DVD version of the movie on the other side of the disc. The Blu-Ray version doesn't.

The main difference between the both is the differing track pitch of the Blu-ray disc makes its pickup apertures differ, however—0.65 for HD DVD vs. 0.85 for Blu-ray—thus also making the two pickups technically incompatible despite using lasers of the same type.

Why Blu-Ray will be more expensive initially Blu-ray discs can hold more data than HD-DVD because the track on which the data is written is tighter, requiring the data layer of the disc to be closer to the surface. The data layer on a Blu-ray disc is 0.1mm from the surface, compared with 0.6mm for HD-DVD and traditional DVDs. It is because of this difference in disc thickness that Blu-ray will initially be more expensive. HD-DVDs can be produced by the same facilities as traditional DVDs with very little modification. Blu-Ray, on the other hand, will initially require expensive retooling or replacement of these production facilities.

THE FORMAT WAR

The situation as it stands today is complicated. On one hand we have the HD-DVD format, which holds less data, but is cheaper to produce. On the other hand is Blu-Ray, with the potential for exponentially more capacity and durability, but with a significant manufacturer cost increase. Both players will offer features to ease the transition to HD, such as backwards-compatibility with standard CD and DVD media.

Well, as far as HD DVD vs. Blu-ray goes, it looks like we've pretty much passed the point of no return now; with each passing day it seems less and less likely that a compromise will be reached on a next-generation format.

SOLUTIONS:

1.Adopt HD-DVD. The initial costs of HD-DVD are lower than Blu-Ray since the technology is not radically different from current DVD technology.

2.Adpot Blu-Ray. The initial cost of Blu-Ray is higher than that of HD-DVD, but Blu-ray offers higher storage capacity and higher data-transfer rates. These properties make it more likely that Blu-ray will eventually be the prevailing standard for optical disc storage.

CONCLUSION:

No one knows what the outcome of this format war will be – it all depends on which format consumers can get more cheaply, more quickly, with more movies available for it. Blu-Ray is technologically superior, true,but it is not always true that technologically superior products always win.Hence it is the survival of the fittest,which ever product attracts people will survive.

Aliens – A Reality or Imagination

One thing that has left me perplexed is the concept of extra-terrestrial life.Extra-terrestrial life is life originating outside of the earth. Its existence remains theoretical; there is no evidence of extraterrestrial life that has been widely accepted by the scientific community. However, many scientists believe that if extraterrestrial life exists, its emergence occurred independently, in different places in the universe.

The enthusiasm toward the possibility of alien life continued well into the twentieth century. Indeed, roughly three centuries from the Scientific Revolution through the beginning of the modern era of solar system, probes were essentially the zenith for belief in extraterrestrials in the West. Many astronomers and other secular thinkers, at least some religious thinkers, and much of the general public were largely satisfied that aliens were a reality. This trend was finally tempered as actual probes visited potential alien abodes in the solar system.

Flying Saucers have been witnessed in the skies for a long time by many people in the past. The wide number of types of flying saucers seen is vast. However a pattern seems to have emerged in the types of crafts witnessed by people around the world. ” The heady days of flying saucers and close encounters with unearthly beings appear to be numbered” wrote Jonathan Margolis in Time Magazine in August 1992.

Several incidents of Alien encounters have been reported in the past. As described in The UFO Report 1992 and Alien Contact , five small, apparently alien creatures were observed by many witnesses in the Cabo Rojo area in the early hours of August 31,1990.One of these witnesses ,Miguel Figueroa, approached the beings, and he reported that they were grey, very thin, with large heads, pointed ears, a slit-like mouth, small nose, and large white almond-shaped eyes. As he drew closer in his car, Figueroa said that a blinding light emitted from the being’s eyes, forcing him to stop. They turned and continued walking down a road, then jumped over a small bridge and headed along a river bed towards the Laguna Cartagena, leaving three-toed foot-prints.

Another encounter near the Laguna Cartagena was reported by Eleuterio Acosta, a very serious eighty-year-old man who lives in the Olivares sector, just in front of the radar blimp facility. He says that he was once surrounded by five of these small grey creatures as he entered his home. He managed to confront them with a stick and yelled at them, at which point a sixth,taller creature of the same type communicated with the other five, and they all jumped out through a window and fled quickly, heading towards the Sierra Bermeja.

Also,unusual animal behavior was to be expected from alien encounters, as reported in sightings of UFOs.Dogs,cats,parrots and a rabbit showed signs of irrational behavior.The dogs displayed fear

and excitement, running around the house in a frenzy. Two of them would not go outside the next day,and one hid under the bed all night. Another dog did not react to the UFO or the noise, most probably because it was deaf. Three parrots got excited, fluffed their feathers and perked their ears. A rabbit sought shelter at the very rear of its pen. All the mammals recovered their normal behavior within a week.

Even in recent times, several alien encounters have been reported and extensive research is being carried out on it. The possible existence of primitive(microbial) life outside of Earth is much less controversial to mainstream scientists although at present no direct evidence of such life has been found .Indirect evidence has been offered for the current existence of primitive life on the planet Mars. However, the conclusions that should be drawn from such evidence remain in debate.

Generating a Framework for Aspect-Oriented Software using Dependency graph

Representations called dependence graphs are developed to represent aspect-oriented programs. This algorithm first constructs a module dependence graph (MDG) for each piece of advice, introduction, and method in aspects and classes. It then connects the MDGs at call sites to form a partial dependency graph. Finally, it weaves the MDG for each piece of advice into a final dependency graph for those methods whose behaviour may be affected by the advice.This results in a complete dependency graph. Our dependency graph capture the additional structure present in many aspect-oriented features such as join points, advice, introduction, aspects, and aspect inheritance, and various types of interactions between aspects and classes. They also correctly reflect the semantics of aspect-oriented concepts such as advice precedence, introduction scope, and aspect weaving. Dependency graph therefore provide a solid foundation for the further analysis of aspect-oriented programs.

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A New Type of Solar Cell

Scientists in Japan have made the first device that can convert solar energy into electricity and then store the resulting electric charge. The “photo-capacitor” designed by Tsutoma Miyasaka and Takuro Murakami at Toin University in Yokohama could be used to power mobile phones and other hand-held devices (Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 3932).
Conventional solar cells need a secondary device, such as a battery, to store the electrical power
generated from light. The photo-capacitor combines the photo-electric and storage functions in a single structure.

The Japanese device consists of two electrodes a light-aborting photo electrode made of semi
conducting titanium dioxide and a counter electrode made of platinum coated
glass separated by a resin film. Both electrodes include a porous layer of activated carbon that has a large surface area. All three layers filled with an ionic solution and form a capacitor that has a light collection area of 0.64 square centimeters.

Photoreceptor dye molecules collect on the surface of the titanium dioxide layer. When exposed to light, electrons from the dye molecules are transferred to the conducting band in the titanium dioxide layer, thus producing current. They then transfer to the activated carbon layer at the counter electrode via an external circuit.

Conversely, the positively charged holes left behind re-transferred to the carbon layer at the photo electrode.The accumulation of positive and negative charges at different carbon therefore allows the device to store energy or charge like a capacitor. The energy can be released by simply discharging the device. “The photo-capacitor is twice as efficient traditional silicon-based solar cells in utilizing weak light,”

Miyasaka told “Physics Web.” “This means that it can utilize indirect sunlight, for example on cloudy or rainy days, and even indoor light. Moreover, it can release electrical energy anytime, even in the dark.”

Miyasaka says that the next goal is to increase the charging voltage and the charge discharge capacity to a practically and industrially useful level for applications.

Dye-adsorbed titanium dioxide (10 microns thick) and activated carbon (150 to 200 microns thick) forms a hetero-junction with the interface (which is doped by an intermediated layer of a hole trapping compound lithium iodide). The layers are impregnated with ionic electrolyte solution.

Is India a science superpower?

"THE next century belongs to India, which will become a unique intellectual powerhouse... capturing all its glory which it had in millennia gone by," declared Dr. Raghunath Mashelkar,

Director General of India's Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in Science earlier this year. Thomas Friedman, The New York Times columnist and author of the recent bestseller The World is Flat, agrees that India, with its talented, yet low-cost brainpower, is on its way to becoming the "innovation hub" of the global economy.

Not to be outdone, the British weekly, New Scientist, has dubbed India the world's emerging "knowledge superpower".

Pakistani Intelligence ISI Had Links to Al Qaeda!!!

The pakistani intelligence ISI (Inter services Intelligence) had a close ties with al-Queda. Members of the terrorists group were trained in Afghanistan and made to fight in the disputed Kashmiri region in India, according to American souces.

They maintained an indirect relationship with the banned organization. The terrorists were named freedom fighters by ISI and Pakistan Govt. Since the attacks on the world trade center and Pentagon on Sept,2001. The Pakistan has turned against the al-Queda and Taliban govt in favor of the US.

Still, American officials said the depth of support within elements of the I.S.I. for a war on the Taliban and Al Qaeda remained uncertain. American officials now believe that the Pakistanis were finally starting to become alarmed in the last year or two by the extent to which the Taliban had been co-opted by Mr. bin Laden.

The Terrorists trained in Afghanistan were used against Indiain the ongoing dispute of Kashmir. They were infiltrated into India through the Pakistan controlled Kashmir

American officials now believe that the Pakistanis were finally starting to become alarmed in the last year or two by the extent to which the Taliban had been co-opted by Mr. bin Laden.

Osama bin Laden shot dead in India

Wild life authorities in Assam, India have killed a rogue elephant, who was so feared villagers named him after Osama bin Laden, wildlife officials said yesterday.

The public named him Osama Bin laden after he evaded two attempts to kill him. It was also blamed for the death of a woman near the thickly wooded evergreen jungle where it lives. This rogue Elephant is also blamed for 14 other deaths.

Conflicts between humans and elephants is a normal thing in recent years as the destruction of the elephants’ natural habitat has expanded, forcing them to come for food in human areas.

The North East Region in India is said to have about 6000 Elephants.In the past 5 years more than 200 people have been killed by the elephants and about 250 elephants were killed in return by the public